Compensation and Benefits Strategies Essay

Employees are worth more than their hourly wage, even though, that is typically all that is considered by an employee while looking for a new job or considering a move to a different job or employer. Employers see employees as much more than the hourly or salary that they are offered to do a specific job. The benefits package that employers offer to employees is worth a substantial amount of money. Health insurance, life insurance, disability insurance and other benefits, and even some discount programs are part of the entire compensation and benefits package. Employers, and employees alike, need to understand and educate themselves on the added value they have by looking at the entire compensation and benefits package and comparing it to other companies before taking a position for a higher hourly or salaried rate. Centura Health is evaluated throughout this paper regarding their compensation and benefits strategies. Market Evaluation Companies in competing markets need to know what their competitors are offering in terms of compensation and benefits packages so that they are able to stay current with what other organizations are offering their employees. Researching and understanding the compensation and benefits of competitors is a vital process in hiring and recruiting new employees from the regular job market of employees and when trying to recruit employees away from their current employer. Understanding the compensation structure of your own company, and of your competitors, will make evaluating the current structure easier and then making it more appealing to employees wanting to be employed by the organization will be a more informed decision making process. Centura Health, Kaiser Permanente, and the University of Colorado Hospital will be reviewed. Centura Health Centura Health is one of the largest employers in Colorado. Centura Health’s website states, â€Å"Centura Health takes pride in providing a comprehensive benefits package that’s designed to inspire health† (Centura Health, n.d., p. 1). Centura Health is looking for talented employees that will help them continue their mission and support their key values. Centura Health offers competitive wages, health insurance, prescription coverage, vision, and dental through their health benefits package. Centura Health offers short-term and long-term disability packages along with life insurance and accidental death insurance for an additional low fee. Centura Health offers a paid time-off (PTO) that accrues during each pay period and 401k and other retirement programs. An employee assistance program is offered by Centura Health for employees who may need counseling or a referral to a counselor to help them cope with issues in their work or home life. Centura Health also has an associate discount program that offers discounts on many services such as cell phone carriers, life, and car insurance among many other discounts. Kaiser Permanente Kaiser Permanente (KP) is another one of Colorado’s largest employers and a dominate player in hiring talented health care employees. Kaiser Permanente’s website states, â€Å"we understand that providing excellent service to our employees enables you to provide excellent service to our members. As a result, we offer a total compensation package designed to enhance the lives of you and your family member† (Kaiser Permanente, 2015, p. 1). Kaiser Permanente offers a wide range of benefits to their employees with enrollment into the KP health insurance being at the top of their list. Kaiser Permanente also offers â€Å"flexible spending accounts (FSA), health savings account (HSA), supplemental life insurance, occupational accident insurance, mental health, care, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance, life insurance, disability insurance, health care on-site, and retiree health and medical† (Kaiser Permanente, 2015, p. 1). Kaiser Permanente also has other benefits under the following categories for employees, financial and retirement, family and parenting, vacation and time off, perks and discounts, and professional support. All of these categories expand into additional areas of benefits  to employees. The University of Colorado Hospital The University of Colorado Hospital is also one of Colorado largest employers in healthcare. The University of Colorado Hospitals (UCH) website states, â€Å"We are proud to provide competitive and comprehensive health and welfare benefits as part of our Total Rewards program† (University of Colorado Health, 2014, p. 3). The University of Colorado Hospital, like the previous employers, offer a medical health plan, life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, short and long-term disability insurances, and dental and vision plans. The UCH offers a dependent day care spending account (DCSA) to their employees to help pay the cost of day care with tax-free dollars. The UCH also offers their employees the ability to sign up for a group legal plan. The University of Colorado Hospitals benefit enrollment guide states that their UltimateAdvisor program, â€Å"offers you a wide range of legal services to help you prevent and resolve everyday legal issues† (University of Colorado Health, 2014, p. 17). The daycare and legal programs offered by the UCH are not offered by their competitors and make them more desirable when comparing compensation and benefits packages. Compensation Structure Centura Health uses an annual employee review system called Performance, Feedback, and Development (PFD) to review employees to determine if they are eligible for a yearly raise. This process involves the employee rating themselves on how they are meeting their job performance in accordance with Centura’s seven core values. The seven core values are compassion, respect, integrity, spirituality, stewardship, imagination, and excellence (Centura Health, n.d., p. 1). This process is time intensive and cumbersome for employees and managers to sit down and write scenarios and narratives for these values. Employees skip the self-assessment section by doing the bare minimum of just checking the auto-populated response available to meet their required timeline for turning in the assessment. Market Position Centura Health’s market position falls into the large-sized companies. Centura Health employs â€Å"17,100 employees and associates† (Draper, 2014, p. 1). Centura Health is expanding into a new health campus and new physician  buildings in the northern Denver Metropolitan area. Centura Health had a net income of $61.5 million â€Å"(Sealover, 2013, p. 1). Centura Health operates 15 hospitals throughout Colorado after the recent expansion into the St. Anthony North Health Campus. Compensation and Benefits Centura Health needs to stay competitive when offering their compensation and benefits package to new employees. The existing compensation package that Centura Health offers is solid and market comparable to their competitors. As Centura Health continues to expand their locations and the need for employees continues to grow it would be advised that Centura Health looks at daycare benefits to their employees with children and, to include, elderly family members who may need assistance of daycare programs as well. Centura Health promotes health and wellness throughout their system and has recently stopped hiring any employee that smokes. Employing healthier employees does several things for Centura Health. Sick time will be reduced by hiring healthier employees, reduced profit loss by having more employees at work than on sick time and reduced health insurance costs for both Centura Health and the employee. Work-life balance is important for Centura Health to review in their compensation and benefits packages. Centura Health can benefit from telecommuting for many administrative jobs and to support more flexible work schedules for employees who need to start earlier or later and can stay for the full shift amount of time because of their home life requirements. Work-life balance is important to employee’s health and wellness and offering additional options into the preconceived mold of being a healthcare worker will make Centura Health a more desirable employer for the talented employees they want to employ. Performance Incentives and Merit Pay Centura Health would benefit from a reward-based program that would include bonuses, for employees who are doing the non-management and non-executive jobs. Incentive Compensation for employees creates a work environment of higher performance and competition between employees. Employees and lower level management can give each other a pat on the back for a job well done, cost savings identification or a heroic moment with a patient, but those moments are short-lived. Rewarding employees speaks volumes when trying to  create a positive work-life balance in an organization. Creating an incentive-based program that management can reward on-the-spot accomplishments creates the need to do better with the other employees in the organization. Recognizing employees for a job well done with an incentivized program using gift cards, bonuses, or additional PTO motivates others to try and receive these awards. Creating a positive competitive work environment encourages employees to strive to wo rk better, do better, and be better. Laws The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) was originally created to address issues with pension plans and did not address health, life, disability, or medical benefits. ERISA has been modified, for the most part, to address pension plans, but the medical coverage area was modified with the creation of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (COBRA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). COBRA was created â€Å"to provide continuation of group health coverage that otherwise might be terminated† (United States Department of Labor [USDOL], n.d., para. 1). COBRA COBRA is offered to employees who have been terminated, either voluntarily or involuntarily, without any gross misconduct or because of the reduction of work hours by the employer. COBRA is paid for out-of-pocket by the employee and at higher rate than offered through their plan when they were employed. The qualified employee must be offered identical coverage to the plan they had while employed. COBRA is usually an overly expensive option for employees that have been released from their jobs. HIPAA HIPAA is a federal law that â€Å"limits pre-existing condition exclusions, permits special enrollment when certain life or work events occur, prohibits discrimination against employees and dependents based on their health status, and guarantees availability and renewability of health coverage to certain employees and individuals† (United States Department of Labor [USDOL], n.d., para. 3). Special enrollment examples are exhaustion of COBRA benefits, marriage, and new child by birth or adoption. The employee is to be given a 30-day period to request the special enrollment option regardless of the plan’s set enrollment dates as provided by the employer. Conclusion Centura Health is one of Colorado’s largest providers of healthcare services and largest employers. Centura Health has invested in understanding the health care market so that they can provide a competitive and attractive compensation and benefits package to entice talented employees. There is a benefit to Centura Health and the employee regarding understanding the package presented to them during the hiring process so that both parties understand the worth they are gaining with employment. The compensation and benefits process for an employer is worth an in-depth review of their competitors and the market the organization is in. References Centura Health. (n.d.). Compensation, Benefits and Tuition Reimbursement. Retrieved from http://www.centura.org/careers-and-education/compensation-benefits-and-tuition-reimbursement/ Centura Health. (n.d.). Mission & Values. Retrieved from http://www.centura.org/about-us/mission-and-values/ Draper, E. (2014). Colorado hospital giant Centura Health to stop hiring tobacco users. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_26977759/colorado-hospital-giant-centura-health-stop-hiring-tobacco Kaiser Permanente. (2015). Benefits, pay, and enrollment. Retrieved from http://www.kaiserpermanentejobs.org/employee-benefits.aspx Kaiser Permanente. (2015). Kaiser Permanente Benefits. Retrieved from http://www.glassdoor.com/Benefits/Kaiser-Permanente-US-Benefits-EI_IE19466.0,17_IL.18,20_IN1.htm Sealover, E. (2013). Denver hospitals post healthy profits. Retrieved from http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2013/05/30/denver-hospitals-post-healthy-profits.html United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Applicable Laws, Regulations, Publications and Related Links. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/elaws/ebsa/health/7.asp United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions COBRA Continuation Health Coverage. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/faqs/faq_compliance_cobra.html University of

Literature review on Language Use

Literature review on Language Use Literature Review In academic arena, English plays a very crucial role especially in institutions whereby it has been used for infinitely long period of time as a medium of instruction. Students are expected to not only communicate effectively in English language. They are also supposed to master its extensive usage so that they can be able to grasp full content in their various fields of study. According to Bacha and Bahous (2008), there is no possibility of excelling in institutions which use English as medium of communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review on Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, tremendous effort geared towards learning English language both from the teacher and learner levels is relevant in order to help students overcome academic demands so as to excel in their respective disciplines. Additionally, the acquired skills will assist students in meeting the de mands of English language use in a professional context (Bacha Bahous, 2008). Ismail (2011) explicates that the academic context consign strenuous demands on students as they are required to complete numerous writing tasks in different genres such as essays, research papers and critical reviews. On the other hand, for learners to be able to decipher the different structure and language forms that are most suited for diverse form of texts, they ought to focus on learning the rules of the language that is being used for instruction. Furthermore, in his study on students’ perceptions on writing in ESL, Ismail found out that English plays vital role in initiating students to the wider academic community owing to their improved proficiency and also due to their ability to make distinctions between language activities used in specific genres. Further exploration of students’ perceptions indicated that the kind of attitudes that students held towards ESL either hindered or p romoted their writing ability. On the same note, Bacha (2002) underscores that English has been elevated to a higher status around the world owing to the fact that it is the preferred language of use for various specific purposes. Needless to say, English is a preferred medium of instruction in many academic institutions across the globe bearing in mind that even the non-English speaking countries have adopted English in their academic curriculum. For this reason, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Arab world as well as from other parts of the globe have little alternative but to learn English despite the difficulties they encounter in the course of learning. In spite of the fact that L1 (Arabic) has a role to play in students life, it is imperative to mention that English for academic purposes is very crucial not just to outshine in academic field, but also to fit in the global arena whereby it is the main language of communication. Concurrently, this current research offers an in-depth exploration on the use of English for purpose of academic learning and of course the acquisition of knowledge. In addition, it also highlights the difficulties Arabic speakers encounter in the course of switching between Arabic for social use and English for academic purposes.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scholars interested in English for specific purposes (ESP) discipline tend to prefer the usage of two distinct subdivisions to distinguish between the use of English in academic (English for academic purposes (EAP) and the language use in occupational contexts (English for occupational purposes (EOP) (Gillett Wray, 2006). Besides, Gillett and Wray accentuate that the aspiration of ESP is to equip students with the necessary skills to communicate, write and read. Notwithstanding, the period of preparation is very short, but the skills are relevant to p romote success in academics. However, success in mastery of ESP is only achieved if activities of ESP are demonstrated in the context as it is the case in academic institutions. Moreover, the materials for teaching ESP ought to be authentic to enable students to grasp vital skills for a smooth transition into the employment world. Similarly, Fender (2008) in his research unearthed several characteristics of ESP which includes ESP materials that are designed to meet specific learners’ needs such as academic. Conversely, the methodology for designing such materials is tailored towards the specialized purpose. Needless to say, the aim of EPS should be focused, not just on teaching the lexicon, grammar and registers in a particular discipline, but should also provide skills on the appropriate use of the above activities. English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) In yet another development of this language, EOP falls under three categories namely business English, professional Engli sh and vocational English. The importance of English in occupational fields has been accentuated via several studies. One such study is by Fender (2008) that emphasized the necessity for learning above average English skills to facilitate communication in every profession. Furthermore, the two aforementioned authors provide indisputable solutions that ESL students can employ to overcome communication barriers in their respective business and management professions. Likewise, Gilmore (2009) points out that many students find it extremely challenging to produce written texts in their language and the challenges worsens when they are required to write in a second language and specifically to EFL learners. He adds that the widely usage of English language in business and academic environment can be directly linked to the gradual revolution heightened by globalization. As a matter of fact, Huang (2008) study supported Gilmore observation by accentuating that the spread of English usage i s likely to be accelerated by its’ widespread usage in mass communication, internet and business dealings. He further emphasizes that on a day to day basis, thousands of deals in trade, journalism, politics etc are conducted in English whereas the parties involved are non-native speakers of English. As a result, the necessity to equip the users with the relevant English competence skills cannot be overemphasized of which this is the main concern of the current study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review on Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, Huang study revealed that test scores for tasks written in English varied between the ESL learners and native speakers of English, whereby native speakers scores higher than ESL learners. Huang attributed these findings to the fact that ESL learners’ performance was limited for reasons not explained in his study. However, his fi ndings positively indicate the concept of using ESP in academics poses tremendous hardship to ESL students. Moreover, Puvenesvary (2003) research revealed that poorly-written business letters caused grievous harm to a business. His study which was conducted in the banking sector in Malasyia further portrays that ESP is a valuable skill not just in academics but also in professional arena. Challenges in reading and speaking in ESP for academic learners Research among Arab students has indicated that they face similar or more adverse challenges while reading and speaking in ESP. Obviously, in academic institutions, students are expected to communicate with their fellow learners as well as participate in both oral and reading classroom presentations. Similarly, they are also expected to have above average reading skills to enhance performance in academic tasks. However, most ESP learners posses below average skills in reading and speaking as cited by Jdetawy (2011). The aim of his rese arch was to conduct a conceptual review of challenges faced by Arab learners while using ESP in academic setting. A thorough review of literature exposes the reality that Arab ESL students faced serious problems while using ESP in academics and the problems impacted on all areas of language skills, i.e. speaking, reading, writing and listening (Jdetawy, 2011). The above current study concurs with a prior study by Savas (2009). Although Savas’ study aimed at unearthing learners’ challenges as perceived by their teachers, the two studies arrived at similar findings. Savas (2009) highlights that L2 learners of English face serious challenges while using ESP in accomplishing academic tasks such as writing, speaking, reading and listening. Interesting though, this study partly blame inadequacy of teaching methods as having contributed to the acquisition of below average linguistic skills in English. Problems faced by Arabic speakers in ESL learning for academic purposes On the same note, learners of L2 face many problems and Arab learners are no exception. Needless to say, these problems have caught the interest of various linguistic scholars due to their regular occurrences in both written and spoken English. As a result, numerous studies (Hisham, 2008; Rababbah, 2003; Kobayashi Rinnert, 2002) have been carried out to investigate some of the common and chronic problems faced by Arab learners in the process of acquiring L2 (English). To expound on the same, Kobayashi and Rinnert (2002) study attempted to investigate the effects of extensive and intensive L1 training in high school and how students transferred L1 knowledge while writing in L2. The study indicated that students tended to transfer knowledge in L1 to L2 and as a result committed weighty lexical errors during the writing process. However, errors in writing could be minimized if the students acquired the best writing strategy in L1 as they could transfer the same skills L2.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Kobayashi and Rinnert explanation ignores the fact that most of the errors of writing in L2 arise not because of the acquired writing strategies, but also because the mastery of L2 is restricted. Rababah (2003) extended his study further to identify the various reasons that could be attributed to these EFL learning problems. First of all, he identified that the problems of EFL among Arab learners arose because English language teachers were native speakers of Arabic; hence their performance and competence in English was likely to be restricted. In addition, use of English was not a common experience among Arab speakers bearing in mind that they also had little interaction with native English speakers. Consequently, Hisham (2008) investigated business students at the University of Utara Malaysia and pointed out that EFL learner encounter problems in vocabulary register, grammar and referencing. As a matter of fact, Umair (2011) reinforces the above discourse by res tating that Arabic native speakers encountered many problems while undertaking writing courses in English. In deed, the composition of learners in academic institution is very diverse and as well their multilevel ability in writing also varied. As a result, the lack of uniformity further accelerated the problems of competent writing for both teachers and students (ibid). Umair further explains that the diversified composition of learners in terms of abilities made it impossible for teachers to meet the needs of every learner. Additionally, Bacha (2002) reviewed past literature that is highly relevant to the current study owing to the fact that it identified the major problems that L2 learners encountered while writing for academic purposes. Moreover, the study pointed out that writing skills among L2 learners were restricted following their limitation of lexical variety and lack of subordination elements. Consequently, the importance of employing the appropriate methodology while te aching ESP cannot be overstated. Having established that there are various and grievous problems in ESL learning, L2 practitioners have been a search of comprehensive theory that would be employed to teach L2 in an attempt to minimize or eliminate problems that originated from poor teaching methodologies. As a result three major theories have been proposed which can be employed to guide learners in the process of writing in order to promote mastery of skills among ESP learners for academic purposes. Integral theories applied in the teaching of ESP One of the most important theories is that which touches on rhetorical drills and syntax. It is referred to as product theory and they are all important in assisting the process of writing (Badger White, 2000). As the name suggests, this theory is concerned with the final written product and eschews from establishing how the writing skills are acquired. Badger and White also exemplifies that the written product is a clear indicator of the level of structure skills of the target language (TL) that the learner have mastered. Moreover, the written product indicates the level of imitated input since L2 learning is a matter of imitation. Badger and White also explains that if students are exposed to written model texts their level of errors is likely to subside and vice versa. This is because as students focus on model texts they also focus on form and structure out of which they imitate the ideal writing skills. In addition, the students should be exposed to various exercises based on the model texts, and concurrently their level of mastered should be evaluated based on replicated product. On the contrary, process theory approach focuses on the identification of procedure employed to arrive at the final written text without any consideration of the appearance of this final product (Hyland, 2003). This indicates that this theory is more concerned with teaching methods that learner of ESP is exposed to so as to acquire wr iting skills in the target language. The author expounds that the various elements in the learning of English language such as drafting, actual writing carrying out revision as well as assessment and evaluation are all related to the theory. Henceforth, instructors are supposed to introduce the students to techniques that enhance success in writing. Therefore, students are taken through rewriting, revision and editing until the instructor is satisfied with the final draft. On the same note, it important to acknowledge a more recent research that sought to highlight the meta-cognitive strategic that Arab students employed while reading comprehension both in Arabic and English that was doe by Alsheikh and Mokhtari (2011). The study indicates serious implications for teaching and assessment on academic institutions since the researchers established that participants were more concerned with strategies than end products. Therefore, the study further reinforces the process theory that st rategy or mechanisms employed in teaching writing determines the quality of end-product. Finally, genre theory approach was proposed in an attempt to provide mechanisms to promote successful learning of ESP in the academic arena especially in writing. According to Badger and White (2000), this approach largely deals with studying the social context in which writing materials are produced. Generally, this theory considers the communicative events where written materials are produced. In the academic context, the process whereby a lecturer interacts with his/her students in the process of teaching is considered to be relevant while teaching writing skills in target language. Flowerdew and Peacock (2001) also explained that in this context, students are free to choose their own topic and write on them, while ensuring that their written texts fulfill the intended communicative purpose. Concurrently, Flowerdew and Peacock (2001) perceive this approach as the most significant due to its d ynamic nature as well as varied characteristics across disciplines, time and instructors. However, the approach might not be successful since it requires collaboration between lecturers and students, a situation which may sometimes be unattainable. In this case, the teacher assumes an authoritative position as he/she guides learners towards an elevated performance level of ESP (Paltridge, 2001). References Alsheikh, N.O. Mokhtari, K. (2011). An Examination of the Metacognitive Reading Strategies Used by Native Speakers of Arabic When Reading in English and Arabic. English Language Teaching, 4(2), 151-161. Bacha, N.N. (2002). Developing Learners’ Academic Writing Skills in Higher Education: A Study for Educational Reform. Language and Education, 16(3): 161-178. Bacha, N.N., Bahous, R. (2008). Contrasting views of business students’ writing needs in an EFL environment. English for Specific Purposes 27, 74-93. Badger, R. G. White. (2000). A process-genre approach to te aching writing. ELT Journal 54(2), 153-160. Fender, M. 2008. Spelling knowledge and reading development: Insights from Arab ESL learners, Reading in a foreign language, 20(2), 19-26. Flowerdew, J. Peacock, M. (Eds.) (2001). Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gillett, A Wray, L. (2006). ‘EAP and Success in Assessing the Effectiveness of EAP Programmes, BALEAP. Gilmore, A. (2009). Using online corpora to develop students’ writing skills. ELT Journal, 63(4), 363-372. Hisham, D. (2008). Needs Analysis of Arab graduate students in the area of EAP: A case study of the ICT program at UUM. Unpublished minor thesis. Sintok: University Utara Malaysia Press. Huang, J. (2008).How Accurate are ESL students holistic writing scores on large-scale assessments? A generalizability theory approach. Assessing Writing, 13(3), 201- 218. Hyland, K. (2003). Genre-based pedagogies: A social response to process. Journal of Second Lan guage Writing, 12: 17-29. Ismail, S. A. A. (2011). Exploring Students’ Perceptions of ESL Writing. English Language Teaching, 4(2): 73-84. Jdetawy, L. F. A. (2011). Problems encountered by Arab EFL learners. Language in India, 11(3), 19-28. Kobayash, H. Rinnert, C. (2002). High school perceptions of first language literacy instruction: Implications for second language writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 11(2), 91-116 Paltridge, B. (2001). Genre, text type and the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classroom. In A. M. Johns (Ed.), Genre in the Classroom. Mahwah: Erlbaum. Puvenesvary, M. (2003). A comparative study of the criteria employed by academics and workplace professionals in evaluating business correspondence. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy, Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Rabab’ah, G. (2003). Communicating Problems Facing Arab Learners of English. Journal of Language and L earning 3(1), 180-197. Savas, B. (2009). Role of Functional Academic Literacy In ESP teaching: ESP Teacher Training in Turkey for sustainable development. Journal of International Social research, 2(9), 396-408. Umair, N. (2011). Problems of Multi-ability Academic English Writing Classes in Arab Countries. Arab World English Journal, 2(2), 230-242.

How Globalization Has Affected Americans

How Globalization Has Affected Americans Globalization can be defined as increased unification of economic order at the international level through reduction of the several of blockades to international trade such as exportation cost, import rations and levy. Globalization is mainly intended at to raising goods, services and material wealth through division of labour in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Has Affected Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The attainment of this important component of trade is accelerated by specialization, good international relations and competition. Globalization generally describes the procedure by which local society’s customs and economies amalgamate through trade, communication and transportation. Globalization can be determined by a mishmash of political, technological, economic, biological and socio-cultural factors. It entails multinational exchange of ideas, trendy cultures and languages through assimilation. Factors that led to globalization include increased mass movement and migration, technologies in transportation, increased economic movement, combinations of industries and international concords.A world or state that has undergone the process can be alleged to have been globalized. Globalization has greatly impacted the world today, its effect can be felt everywhere in politics, economics, finance, language, ecology, culture, religion, technology, industry and information. Contemporary Globalization Contemporary analysts correlate globalization with deterritorialization. This is whereby social activities continue to grow irrespective of geographical position of the participants. To draw this conclusion, these analysts used computers and other telecommunication technologies and examined global events. These kinds of events occur almost everywhere and anywhere in the world. They therefore defined contemporary globalization as increased possible action s among people living in different longitudinal and latitudinal location. The distance does not affect social activities that take place in the location.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deterritorialization exists or manifests itself in businesses that people do in different continents with the help of electronic commerce. For example, television enables people in different parts of the world to observe how terrible wars waged far away from their homes impact the world. Moreover increased technology inventions enable people to hold seminars by use of video conferencing apparatus whereby those involved are located in different geographical positions. The internet also enables people to instantaneously communicate with each other despite the long distance that separates the two. By examining the current interconnectedness of social growth which has surpassed the poli tical and geographical limits recent theorists have able been to put globalization into a clear perspective. According to their views, globalization majorly concerns the way in which distant forces and events impact regional and local endeavours (Vallas, Finlay Wharton, 188). An encyclopaedia is an example of detteritorialized social space given that it permits exchange of ideas. The book can be used by other students in different geographical areas to access the same knowledge and ideas in a particular topic. Therefore, contemporary globalization can be defined as processes which have an impact on life in local institution as a result of environmental events and decisions. This means that any social activity can influence more or less events in different geographical location. The impact and the degree of activities taking place may also vary; environmental events can either have a huge impact or less impact on different events in particular areas. This means that the degree of in terconnectedness across different frontiers can be easily predicted and regulated (Vallas, Finlay, Wharton, 190). Contemporary globalization involves social acceleration. Interconnectedness and deterritorialization is directly tied to social acceleration. For social activities in different areas to develop and reach other frontiers, the ideas must move swiftly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Globalization Has Affected Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will also be aided by the flow of information, capital and goods and migration of people. Without swift flow, it will be difficult to view how people are influenced by different distant affairs. High-speed technology has greatly contributed in increasing the velocity of different human events and affairs. This means that globalization is mainly a matter of extent. Most analysts conceive globalization as a long term process. This is because it is com posed of present history and present world. Globalization has led to innovations in information technology, communication and transportation. Many problems experienced in globalization are directly associated with the surfacing of technologies that are of high-speed. They lessen the magnitude of distance and boost social interconnectedness and deterritorialization. Lastly, contemporary globalization can be conceived also as a multi-pronged process. This is because social interconnectedness, social acceleration and deterritorialization can be visualized through diverse economical, cultural and political grounds of social actions. How Globalization has affected Americans Many Americans feel that globalization has both positive and negative impacts on them. Even majority of Americans view globalization as a result of positive economy, they are less positive when it comes to American jobs, business environment and living standards in general. Americans began feeling the pain of globaliz ation as early as 1980. Many people lost their jobs when most companies decided to outsource to other foreign countries. This is why most American families and communities do not embrace global market. They see it as a threat to their lives. Many American workers were greatly hit when American steel industry went global. All the steel mills in small towns were shut done which destroyed both the American economy and the living standards of those living in the regions (Vallas, Finlay, Wharton, 198). This shows that there is no benefit felt by the Americans when many companies decide to go global. Most Americans believe that outsourcing is a way in which corporations take advantage of under developed countries and the people living in the regions in order to gain profit. Most of these under developed countries greatly depend on American market. However the American economy is now under a great risk of collapse due to globalization. This is because America has lost its manufacturers to the global world and in case of economic crisis; the country will have nothing to rely on.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without manufacturers, America is not capable of producing goods hence American workers lose their jobs due shutdown of these manufacturing companies. Moreover globalization has a negative impact on United State’s wages for workers. This is due to job losses in the country which lead to trade deficits in most goods and services. Globalization leads to shifting of jobs which induce negative effects on trade and on average wages of the American workers. This is because importation of goods reduces jobs and it requires less education to do export. This cannot be compared to exports which increase job opportunities for the Americans and also requires high education for one to be employed. Moreover globalization leads to foreign investment which negatively affects the average wages of workers in America and American families at large. Foreign investment deteriorates the supremacy of United States workers which lowers the price of the wages they are being paid as they are considere d worthless. High level of education and highly skilled labour are required to carry out foreign investment. More workforces are directed towards foreign affiliates leaving United States with fewer jobs making more people jobless. Globalization also impacts government policies which in-turn affects United States families and communities. The government of America was forced to adopt economic policies that are contractionary to protect its global capital market. (Vallas, Finlay Wharton, 200). The government cannot inflict corporate taxes because it wants to preserve competition and inflate investments in commerce. The government is forced to decrease the amount spent on social welfare due to limitations of taxation and spending leading to poor welfare benefits to many families. Global market pressure can also force the government to control United State’s products and labour bazaar leading to job cuts and consequently poor living standards. However, globalization can have som e positive impacts in America to some extent. McKinsey which is a global institute believes that globalization has positive impacts on the lives of Americans. Globalization renders United States industries to high competition in the global world which promote productivity. Many countries believe that United States products are of high quality. They therefore purchase those products through online trading especially those who cannot reach the shops in America due to long distance. This increases sales for American companies and hence more employment opportunities for many Americans. Moreover many American families and communities gain by getting high quality goods and services. In conclusion, globalization has positively and negatively affected Americans. Many American workers have lost their jobs and have experienced a reduction in wages. However many jobs have also been created in the process in other sectors of the economy. The government has come up with policies aimed at protect ing the Americans from the effects of globalization at the same time promoting it. Vallas, Steven, Finlay, William, Wharton Amy. Sociology of work: Structures and Inequalities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Discuss the logics, illogics, meanings, function, or non functions of Essay

Discuss the logics, illogics, meanings, function, or non functions of war from an anthropological viewpoint - Essay Example The matters of anthropological discussion are the individual motivations, socio-cultural purposes, biological predispositions, and causal significance manifest in warfare (Peter, Ember and Human Relations Area Files 415). For example, in Yanomani territory, there lived uncontested Yanomani known as Moxateteu that had the highest population of illegal gold miners. The gold miners, who were illegally working in yanomani, transmitted deadly diseases such as malaria and caused pollution in forests and rivers with mercury. Ecological models illustrated that war had a constructive feedback for smaller scale communities by exercising a hidden role in intervening relationships with the surrounding. However, warfare was ethnographically considered to maintain a space between settlements and therefore, prevented the degradation of the resources. Lastly, the models of socio culture developed the fact that some social organization encouraged people to war as illustrated by (Lockard 944). The opp osed constitution clan and linage groupings were practiced to create perennial tensions that might result into war. Nevertheless, the inadequacies of such models become very clear when clarifying the meanings and motivations that warriors gave to their acts.

Reality and Fantasy of Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms Research Paper

Reality and Fantasy of Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms - Research Paper Example While some have concluded her character as an embodiment of an adolescent male fantasy† (Hatten, 76; Lockridge, 170), others have used her recovery to make a case for her realistic character. Catherine had just opted to give her services in the war as a volunteer 8 years after her engagement with her fiance, who was also fighting in the war. However, amidst the World War II, her fiance dies and gradually Catherine gets involved in a romantic relationship with Fredric. Although Catherine presents a very submissive and self-abnegating character, I want to explore her character to argue for its realism. For decades, Catherine’s character has been a complex and problematic one, drawing diverse set of interpretations by various scholars. Catherine is looked upon as a character far from reality and a figure essentially inspired by male fantasy of an ideal lover. Both Catherine and Frederic present a commonality in their evaluation of the Italians as they both feel negative of them. Catherine and Frederic meet in Italy where Frederic is serving as a volunteer ambulance driver for the Red Cross in Italy while Catherine is a volunteer Red Cross nurse. At several instances, Frederic hints at his lack of motivation for entering the Italian army, saying that he was a â€Å"fool† (Hemingway, 109) thereby implying a false sense of drive for soldering (Mandel, 61). On another occasion, Catherine tells Frederic how she only joined the services and moved to Italy out of support for her late fiance but later, as the story progresses, her motivation to help the wounded men is evident out of her humanitarian motivations. Catherine presents a very strong character of a woman who working for the soldiers in a world order which is chaotic. A World War is going on and Catherine is serving in Italy although her initial motivations for coming are not present

Is pluralism of philosophical assumptions in managment research a Essay

Is pluralism of philosophical assumptions in managment research a cause for concern or celebration Explain your answer and disc - Essay Example This report is a discussion about management research, about its techniques and practices mostly adapted by managerial researchers. The objective here is to find the relationship between pluralism and management research, which is one philosophical approach adapted in most of the managerial researches. The aim is to test the argument that whether â€Å"pluralism is a cause of concern or celebration in the practice of management research, as one effectively adapted approach in the practice†. What is Management Research? Management research can be defined as a practice, which managers adapt to acquire knowledge and information. This practice is to meet the requirements set by managers, which are mostly of acquiring knowledge that is most needed in a particular organization (Brooks, 2002). It can be intellectual knowledge, knowledge related to managers’ skills, or knowledge to grow organization’s equity, which managers generally acquire by means of management resear ch. Moreover, managers conduct management research to understand the internal functions, operations, and structure of a particular organization. ... Philosophical Assumptions of Pluralism in Management Research According to the contemporary literature, pluralism is a philosophical school of thought that is composed of four different elements - diversity, understanding, commitment and dialogue. These elements are basically philosophical assumptions of pluralism, which describes pluralism as a state of multiplicity (Werner, 2002). Multiplicity of thoughts, of ideas, rationales, and decisions all come in the pluralist school of thought. Generally when managers adapt pluralism in management research, they are inevitably engaged with diversity and multiplicity (Werner, 2002). Accepting diversity as a culture in pluralism, managers have to be tolerant and have to show patience to go across the lines to build understanding in their relationships. Understanding and commitment are two essential features of pluralism, and are most challenging to managers as they test the leadership, the gratitude and personality qualities of managers durin g management research (Johnson & Duberley, 2000). Pluralism motivates managers on collective decision-making and for which managers have to bring a cross-integral dialogue with their peers to bring collective decisions. Collective opinions and views are of major importance in pluralism (Pettigrew, 2001). Encounter of commitments have to be shown by managers on their decisions, as strong commitment is one rule and a promise in pluralism. Actually, it is test of collective wisdom which pluralism sets out for all managers involved in a management research activity (Sheffield, 2009). At the initial level, all managers find pluralism a difficult approach to adopt in management research, but when fruits of