Literature Review on Autism Spectrum Disorders - 3442 Words

Literature Review: Autism Spectrum Disorders: What is Autism, how is it caused, and how can it be treated? The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Crystal Waynick April 3, 2012 Abstract Autism has become an increasing subject of interest, especially to researchers and medical professionals. This increase in interest is most likely due to the fact that autism is becoming an increasing problem in children, with the number of diagnoses doubling in just a four year period. In order to discover what may cause this disorder as well as finding effective ways to treat it, people must be informed and knowledgeable about autism. The current study discusses what ASD is, symptoms of this disorder,†¦show more content†¦Children with autism also suffer from several communication issues, such as failing or being slow to respond to verbal attempts to get their attention, developing language at a slower pace than others, repeating words or phrases that they hear, and using words that are strange or out of place, that do not really make sense to people other than the child and those close to the child whom are familiar with the child s communication style. The last important symptom seen in children with ASD is repetitive and stereotyped behavior. Many children with ASD tend to have odd, repetitive actions and behaviors that may be referred to as stereotyped behaviors. An example of a stereotyped behavior might be a simple gesture of the arm that is repeatedly done by the child. Children with autism often have one subject or interest that they tend to overly focus on. They tend to become obsessed with one particular subject, and will learn everything they can about the subject of interest. Because autistic children seem to display several repetitive behaviors and thoughts, a set routine is usually the best environment for a child with ASD (NIMH, 2011). While there have been many theories and suggestions of what may cause autism spectrum disorders, there is not one particular known cause of these disorders. A great deal of research has been done to examine possible causes of and risk factors for this disorder. Recently, there has been research on the hypothesesShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review. Autism Overview. Autism Spectrum Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Autism Overview Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a widely known disability that, as of 2012, affects about 1 in 68 of children in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The exact cause of the disability is unknown, however individuals with ASD exhibit some common characteristics. â€Å"Autism belongs to heterogeneous categories of developmental disabilities where neurological disorders lead to deficits in a child’s ability to communicate, understandRead MoreChapter II: Review of Literature Autism Spectrum Disorder is a general term for a lifelong1100 Words   |  5 PagesChapter II: Review of Literature Autism Spectrum Disorder is a general term for a lifelong developmental disorder which can cause challenges in social interactions, behavior, and communication. Disorders that fall under this umbrella that is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) include: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger syndrome. It is estimated that over two million people in the U.S. are affected by ASD. One in every 68 children hasRead MoreTreatment Options Used for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is capable of weakening communication, behavior and socialization. The term ASD includes three major subtypes which is Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. About 9.0 in 1000 children have ASD and certain types of autism might not be identified until three years of life. The probability of boys being diagnosed is higher compared to girls (Bravaccio et al. 2013)Read MoreGender Differences In Autism Spectrum Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesHW: Meta-Analysis- Investigating the genetic and prognostic Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Introduction: While Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) has been researched extensively, the role of gender in this disease is still poorly understood. With a 4:1 gender distribution in the diagnosis of ASD, many research studies have attempted to explain this difference (Fombonne,2009). Current research has theorized a bout various different etiologies for this gender discrepancy, such as a femaleRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Autism857 Words   |  4 PagesOutcome-focused research shows that only 25% of people with Autism are employed. This statistic is especially concerning, when the generally high academic and creative ability of many adults with Autism is considered. This review evaluates three categories of parental factors, demographic, psychological, and behavioral, to determine what effect, if any, they may have on the work participation outcomes for adults diagnosed with Autism. Using studies of various methodologies and populations, only oneRead MoreE1 Critical Evaluation And Evaluation896 Words   |  4 Pagessources on Google search through using broad search terms such as ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ and ‘Social Skills in Autism Spectrum Disorder’. The research process of literature review established that there were various sources that were relevant to my question. However, this introduced a challenge as several of these sources were not credible and or valid and as a consequence led to my weakest sources. Even though the literature reviews conducted were resourceful and appropriate, the use of governmentRead MoreThe Importance Of Music For This Group Of Pupils814 Words   |  4 PagesMoreover, it is a naturalistic and qualitative study, which comprises of two sets of data, observation notes and interview questions. The participants were five teachers of students with autism in special primary schools in the area of Bristol, in the UK. Ethical considerations were taken into account before collecting the data by ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants through a consent form that was granted to the participants, while it was made clear that they could withdrawRead MoreBenefits Of Music Therapy On Children Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy in Autistic children Benefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Literature Review Zuleima Haskins â€Æ' Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions of the brain development. (Vries, 2015). The main characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is that they have difficulties to adapt and interact with other people. Also, individuals with Autism have problems with their development of verbal and nonverbal communication. They showRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Various Databases Used For Academic Journals And Books1061 Words   |  5 PagesSeveral databases were used for this review. Sources primarily came from EBSCO, which included Academic Search Complete, Education Full Text, OmniFile Full Text Mega, General Science Full Text, EBSCO Professional Development Collection, and Social Sciences Full-Text databases. In addition, the EBSCO eBook Collection and the EBSCO ebrary collection for full-text books were utilized. Other databases used for this review include Google Scholar and ERIC. The search was narrowed by limiting sources toRead MoreExploring W ays of Conceptualizing ASD in Africa1439 Words   |  6 Pagesmental disorder, but really is that enough to become a revolutionary universal tool? Table of Contents Chapter 1: INTRODUTION 1 Background of the research 1 Aims and objectives of the research 4 Research Methodology 5 CHAPTER 2: 7 DIAGNOSTIC STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS 7 The History and revisions of the DSM 8 DSM-I (1952) 8 DSM-II (1968), (1974) 9 DSM-III (1980), DSM-III-R (1987) 9 DSM-IV (1994), DSM-IV-TR (2000), 10 DSM-5 (2013); Perspective of ASD ‘Neuro-developmental Disorders’ and

Strategies by Apple for Successful Change Free Essays

Apple’s CEO Steve Jobs recently described apple as a mobile device company. Apple once considered a desktop computer company is slowly moving towards mobile devices. This statement shows how apple’s strategy has changed significantly in past few years. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategies by Apple for Successful Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Challenges faced in the past – The major challenge Apple faced in the past was the isolation it has created from other products and companies in the market. Apple users had very limited options. The other challenge faced by the Apple was the compatibility of its product with the other products available in the market. Core Competency – Apple’s core competency is to provide exceptional experience through superb user interface. Apple provide this experience along with very large ecosystem of various online distribution system (App stores) where user can find almost every application they need. Strategy – Apple’s strategy is to provide superior product in the market through innovation. Apple also charges premium price for these product and keeps high margins. Strategy Execution – Moving towards mobile products -Apple identified the customer behavior of moving away from desktop computers towards mobile products at the very early stage. Apple realized it much earlier then any other computer manufacture or software company. In last few years Apple created two superior mobile products, iPhone and iPad. iPhone was superior then any other mobile phone product in the market and because of that Apple captured the big percentage of smartphone market. iPad had the first mover advantage in the market backed by superb marketing of the product and created a new market space for product. Ecosystem Creation – Apple also created a very effective ecosystem of apps store for their products. This ecosystem gave Apple more acceptances in the market and among the customers. Apple also created the ecosystem for developers to develop the application for their products, which help them to get continuous supply of very good application for their products. High Margins – Apple charge premium price for its products and makes big profits since manufacturing cost is considerable low once product is designed and developed. Apple also charges a big percentage of the data plan price from the mobile service provider and big percentage from apps store application and it is another big source of profits for them. Also by managing and keeping tight control on these distribution channels, Apple dictates the terms to their suppliers. Timing for implementation – Apple’s timing of the implementation in last few years has been very good. They understood the need of the customers in the market in advance and developed the products to meet that need much in advance then any other competitors. How to cite Strategies by Apple for Successful Change, Papers

Constantin Stanislavski was a Russian businessman Essay Example For Students

Constantin Stanislavski was a Russian businessman Essay Constantin Stanislavski was a Russian businessman that changed his career path to become a director due to his fondness of theatre and the arts. He founded the Moscow Arts Theatre with his partner Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Stanislavski initiated the Stanislavski System of acting, which was spread around the world by his students and interpreted and developed by others like Lee Strasberg. The goal of Constantin Stanislavski’s system was to take an audience into a different world that will make everything they see or hear believable no matter what, unlike Brecht his method was to connect with the audience emotionally, physically and spiritually. The method requires that an actor utilize, among other things, his emotional memory (i.e., his recall of past experiences and emotions). The actor’s entrance onto the stage is considered to be not a beginning of the action or of his life as the character but a continuation of the set of preceding circumstances. The actor has trained his concentration and his senses so that he may respond freely to the total stage environment. Through empathic observation of people in many different situations, he attempts to develop a wide emotional range so that his onstage actions and reactions appear as if they were a part of the real world rather than a make-believe one. In order for an actor to make his role believable the actor would use a method or various methods from Stanislavski’s system to create his own flashback that would lead him to fully absorb the role that he is going to perform and to do that effectively the actor must take the dramatic techniques into consideration and pay extra attention to them such as posture, voice and body language. For this research I will be looking at the character Kipps in The Woman in Black by Susan Hill and I will focus on how an actor playing this role, will use Stanislavski’s method in order to portray the characters characteristics and personality effectively. The Woman in Black is a 1983 horror novella that was adapted by Stephen Mallatratt in 1987. In the adapted version Kipps persuades an Actor to help him tell his story, hoping that if he acts it out and relives it, it’ll help him move on. The actor plays the part of Young Kipps while Kipps plays various roles of people he met. Arthur Kipps is a man lost in his memories and can’t settle down for anything because the past is haunting him he is a mature and complex role with many emotions and his role isn’t merely just an excuse to scare the audience, but actually a character that has a real relationship with the things he loves. His character has changed him from a modern man that doesn’t believe in superstitious things to a cautious man that sends off a coward vibe, although he has survived one of the most traumatizing incidents ever. In the play the audience witnesses Kipp’s emotional breakdown as he slowly starts to figure out the story of El Marsh House. (Quote) (Methods) The Techniques: Before starting to prepare for the role of Kipps the actor should understand that there is no such thing as actuality on stage, but only imagination, which is an art every dramatist should master. The aim of the actor in this play is to use these techniques and turn this play into a theatrical reality. All of Stanislavski’s techniques require the actor to call upon his imagination, and the more the imagination is fertile, the more interesting the actor’s choices would be in terms of the physical action, and creating the character. Breast cancer EssayThat would bring us to emotional memory, which would be a very good technique to use once Kipps reaches the stage of horror. Emotional memory requires the actor to recreate an event from the distant past in his mind in order to regenerate the â€Å"feelings† of that memory and incident that was experienced at the time. Emphasis on distant because â€Å"Stanislavski felt (at that time) that time distilled events and feelings, acting as a ‘splendid filter for remembered things.’ Stanislavski believed that the quality of an actor’s performance depended upon the sincerity of his experience. This sincere experience went through a ‘time filter’ that transformed the quality of the experience into a ‘poetic reflection of life’s experience.’† The actor should consider the stage his home, where he lives, not a real life but a true stage experience, which means the actor should be comfortable with his role a nd the stage space. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order for the actor to prepare for the role of Kipps in â€Å"The Woman in Black† the actor must make a clear link between the units and objectives of the play, a unit is a section of a scene that the actor divides up once he is discovered the units of action, and each unit contains an objective that the actor must pursue. To pursue the objectives the actor created he must follow Stanislavski’s techniques that were mentioned above, and that would result in self indulgent acting and not just communication with others on the stage. Touching upon ones subconscious could be extremely difficult, but once the actor reaches that point, follow the methods would be really easy to him, and that would lead to a believable performance and an easier delivery of the lines. But the actor should be motivated to do so, his mind and his feelings should be motivated enough to take upon a role that requires many emotions and a lot of climax that results in a change of the characters emotions. Concentration is key when it comes to Stanislavski’s techniques, and delivering them will require a lot of concentration beforehand and during the performance. But the actor shouldn’t block out the audience because Stanislavski felt that would contradict the point of theatre. Theatre is an art and blocking out its recipients would ruin the point of the performance because the audience are the co-creators of the performance.